India has recorded its first case of Mpox Clade 1b, a strain that led the World Health Organisation (WHO) to declare the disease a public health emergency, in Kerala’s Malappuram district, as confirmed by official sources on Monday.
The infected individual is a 38-year-old male patient who tested positive last week after returning from the United Arab Emirates. Fortunately, the patient is currently in stable condition, according to sources.
Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted through direct contact with infectious skin or lesions, such as those found in the mouth or genitals. Additionally, infection can occur through contact with contaminated objects like clothing or linens, as well as in community settings.
This recent case in Kerala marks the second instance of Mpox being detected in India since the WHO declared it a public health emergency of international concern. The previous case was reported in New Delhi, where a 26-year-old male from Hisar, Haryana tested positive for the West African Clade 2 strain which was not part of the WHO’s initial warning in August 2024.
After being discharged on Saturday, the Kerala patient is now under observation and receiving necessary care. The Union Health Ministry has taken proactive steps by directing all states and Union Territories to review their public health preparedness, conduct thorough screening and testing of suspected Mpox cases, and establish isolation facilities in hospitals for both suspected and confirmed cases.
As part of the preparedness measures, states have been instructed to ensure the availability of essential logistics and trained healthcare professionals in these facilities, while also devising a plan for potential escalation of Mpox cases. Currently, there are 22 laboratories actively conducting Mpox testing across the country, as per a communicable disease alert shared by the National Centre for Disease Control.
In addition to healthcare facilities, state AIDS control societies have been urged to remain vigilant in identifying suspected Mpox cases and enhancing community awareness, particularly given that approximately half of reported cases involve individuals with HIV.
Impact on Public Health
The detection of Mpox Clade 1b in Kerala has raised concerns about the potential spread of the disease within the community and the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and control measures. With Mpox being a relatively rare disease in India, the emergence of a new strain adds a layer of complexity to the ongoing public health response.
Authorities are closely monitoring the situation to prevent further transmission and ensure timely treatment for those affected by the disease. Public health officials are conducting contact tracing to identify individuals who may have come into contact with the infected patient in order to contain the spread of Mpox.
Global Response to Mpox
The global response to Mpox has been significant, with the WHO declaring it a public health emergency of international concern due to the rapid increase in cases in African countries. The declaration was a call to action for countries worldwide to strengthen their surveillance, preparedness, and response mechanisms to effectively control the spread of the disease.
In light of the WHO’s warning, countries have been working together to share information, resources, and best practices to combat Mpox. International collaborations have been established to support affected regions in containing the outbreak and providing necessary medical assistance to those in need.
Preventive Measures and Recommendations
To prevent the further spread of Mpox Clade 1b and protect the population from potential outbreaks, health authorities have issued several preventive measures and recommendations. These include promoting hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment when caring for suspected or confirmed cases.
In addition, individuals are advised to seek medical attention promptly if they develop symptoms of Mpox, such as fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. Healthcare providers are urged to maintain a high index of suspicion for Mpox in patients presenting with compatible symptoms, especially those with a recent travel history to affected areas.
Furthermore, public awareness campaigns are being conducted to educate the community about the signs and symptoms of Mpox, as well as the importance of early detection and treatment. By raising awareness and promoting preventive measures, health authorities aim to minimize the impact of Mpox on public health and prevent further transmission of the disease.
As the situation continues to evolve, it is essential for all stakeholders to collaborate effectively and implement comprehensive strategies to address the challenges posed by Mpox Clade 1b. By staying vigilant, proactive, and united in their efforts, countries can effectively control the spread of Mpox and protect the health and well-being of their populations.
